Fannie Lou Hamer
Activist Fannie Lou Hamer was an essential part of securing both civil and voting rights for African Americans in her home state of Mississippi, as well as the United States through her involvement in SNCC & Freedom Summer. The child of sharecroppers, Hamer was routinely beaten and injured in her efforts to secure civil and voting rights, including being removed from a white-only sit-in in South Carolina in 1963; she sustained lifelong injuries including a blood clot in her eye, leg, and kidney damage. A powerful speaker, President Lyndon Johnson held a televised press conference to block a speech she gave at the 1964 Democratic National Convention on the realities of racial prejudice in the South. She implemented the Freedom Farm Cooperative in 1969, which bought land that African Americans could own and farm, this eventually turned into over 640 acres with 200 units of low-income housing, a coop store, a boutique, and a sewing enterprise. Hamer succumbed to breast cancer at the age of 59 in 1977.